Vamos ver agora a diferença entre Simple Future e Near Future – leia com atenção e preste atenção nos exemplos. O ideal é que você crie também suas frases.
Simple Future
It is used when you decide something at the moment or you are planning to do something.
Auxiliary WILL – I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
When you decide something at the moment of speaking
I will pay for the tickets!
I will take it.
When you are planning to do something in the future
I will travel to Florida in the next two years.
Mike will buy a new car. He has a very old one.
Negative sentences:
Will not – won’t
I won’t have time! Sorry!
I won’t buy a new car now. I don’t have money.
Interrogative:
Will you go to the movies on Saturday?
Will she travel to England next year?
I’ll have a pizza
Near Future
Near Future – to be + going to
It is used when something will happen within a short time. It is a certain action.
I am going to take an umbrella because it is raining.
She is going to buy a new house because she has $500,000 in her bank account.
They are going to move to Miami. They have already bought the tickets.
Negative sentences
I am not going to buy a new car. I don’t have money at this moment.
She is not going to swim today. It is raining cats and dogs.
Karen is not going to visit her relatives because they are traveling.
Paul and Mike are not going to travel to Europe this year.
Remember that you can use: I’m not going to, you aren’t going to, he isn’t going to, etc
Você conhece todos os pronomes interrogativos? Pronomes são aquelas palavras tais como onde, qual, quando, etc. Eis uma lista completa para você criar suas frases e aumentar ainda mais o seu vocabulário e criar suas perguntas quando desejar.
Who – Quem – Example: Who is the new employee in the office?
Whom – A quem- Example: Whom did you invite to the party?
What – O que/Qual – Example: What is your favorite color?
Which – Qual – Example: Which book do you recommend?
Whose – De quem – Example: Whose car is parked outside?
Whichever – Qualquer que – Example: You can choose whichever movie you want to watch.
Whatever – Qualquer coisa – Example: Whatever you decide, I will support you.
Where – Onde – Example: Where are you going for vacation?
When – Quando – Example: When is your birthday?
Why – Por que – Example: Why did you choose that restaurant?
How – Como – Example: How did you learn to play the guitar?
How much – Quanto (para quantidades incontáveis) – Example: How much water do you drink every day?
How many – Quantos/as (para quantidades contáveis) – Example: How many brothers do you have?
How often – Com que frequência – Example: How often do you go to the gym?
How long – Quanto tempo – Example: How long have you lived in this city?
How far – Quão longe – Example: How far is the nearest grocery store?
How old – Quantos anos – Example: How old is your sister?
How tall – Quão alto/a – Example: How tall is the Eiffel Tower?
How fast – Quão rápido – Example: How fast can you drive?
How big – Quão grande – Example: How big is your house?
How small – Quão pequeno/a – Example: How small is the smallest country in the world?
How heavy – Quão pesado/a – Example: How heavy is that suitcase?
Present Perfect – auxiliary HAVE or HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (3rd column)
Regular verbs: arrive – arrived – arrived
Irregular verbs: go – went – gone
HAVE – I, you, we, they
HAS – he, she, it
Negative: haven’t or have not
Hasn’t or has not
Interrogative – Has he? – Have you?
It is used where there is a connection between past with the present. An action that hasn’t finished yet.
Explicando melhor: quando uma ação estabelece uma conexão entre o passado e o presente, algo que ainda não terminou.
I have been married for two years.
She has lived in South Korea since 2020.
Mary has studied Portuguese for four years.
They have worked in Miami since August.
Indefinite past – an action that finished in the past but in an indefinite date.
Neste caso, o Present Perfect é usado para expressar um passado indefinido, ou seja, uma ação que já ocorreu no passado, mas não é importante mencionar quando.
We have visited Italy.
They have gone to Germany.
Mike has worked in Brazil.
Karen has moved to a new house.
Negative sentences:
Pete hasn’t lived in New York.
He hasn’t worked in his company for a long time.
They haven’t visited Europe yet.
I haven’t traveled to Spain before.
Interrogative sentences:
Have you lived in Canada?
Has your brother bought a new car?
Have Karen and Paul gone to England?
Has Stephanie swum in that club?
She has visited Italy.
Exercises:
1 – Anne has visited Portugal.
Neg:
Int:
2 – They haven’t been married since 2016.
Aff:
Int:
3 – Have you gone to Africa?
Aff:
Neg:
4 – Karen has written two books.
Neg:
Int:
Remember: have or has + past participle
Answer:
1 – How long have you lived in your house?
2 –How many states have you visited in Brazil?
3 – Have you traveled to Europe before?
4 – Has your brother / sister gone to the USA?
5 – Has your father / mother bought a car?
6 – Has your uncle / aunt traveled abroad?
Put these sentences into a correct order:
1 – has – she – forgotten – name – my
2 – hasn’t – Mike – to – Italy – traveled
3 – Pete – drunk – whisky – has – ?
4 – have – eaten – Indian food – they – ?
5 – hasn’t – gone – he – Africa – to
6 – Pete and Paul – swum – haven’t – in – club – the
Remember – you never change the main verb – affirmative, negative or interrogative – past participle – regular or irregular verbs
Aprenda agora todos os segredos do Simple Past. No final desta postagem você encontrará duas listas de verbos – uma de regulares e outra de irregulares. Não se assuste com o tamanho delas – te aconselho a ler, escrever suas frases, e claro, aprender de uma forma bem natural. Qualquer dúvida estou a sua disposição.
Simple Past – auxiliary DID
It is used to describe an action that finished in the past.
DID – I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
Os verbos regulares terminam com ED
Regular verbs – finished by ED – work – worked / play – played
Irregular verbs – have a different form – speak – spoke / begin – began
We use the main verb in the past only in affirmative and long sentences!
REGULAR VERBS – remember (ED)
Take a look at these affirmative sentences:
Pete worked last Friday.
Sharon traveled to Italy in March.
Karen accepted a new job opportunity.
Take a look at these negative sentences:
Peter didn’t study today.
Karen didn’t watch TV last night.
James didn’t play soccer today.
Take a look at these interrogative sentences:
Did you clean your house today?
Did your sister like your new house?
Did you finish your homework?
IRREGULAR VERBS
Os verbos irregulares possuem formas bem diferentes, portanto, preste atenção na conjugação dos mesmos. O importante é ler, entender e usar o tempo todo os verbos tanto regulares quanto irregulares.
Take a look at these affirmative sentences:
I drove to New York last Saturday.
Sorry, I forgot your name.
I sent an email in the morning to my boss.
drive – past (drove) – forget – past (forgot) – send – past (sent)
Take a look at these negative sentences:
Mary didn’t drink orange juice today.
Peter didn’t spend his vacation in Brazil.
I didn’t understand that exercise.
Take a look at these interrogative sentences:
Did you wear your uniform today?
Did you eat Italian food today?
Did your brother swim last weekend?
Exercises:
1 – Did your brother arrive at home?
Aff: He arrived at home.
Neg: He didn’t arrive at home.
2 – Did you buy a new car last year?
Aff: I bought a new car.
Neg:I didn’t buy a new car last year.
3 – Did you drink juice today?
Aff: I drank juice today.
Neg: I didn’t drink juice today.
4 – He traveled to Canada last year.
Neg: He didn’t travel to Canada last year.
Int: Did he travel to Canada last year?
5 – She went to Portugal today.
Neg: She didn’t go to Portugal today.
Int: Did she go to Portugal today?
É importante lembrar que cada tempo verbal tem o seu verbo auxiliar correspondente. O Simple Present usa-se DO ou DOES. Eles mandam o verbo para o presente. Como vimos agora, o DID manda o verbo para o passado.
A seção gramática terá com primeira aula o famoso verbo to be (ser, estar). Vamos lembrar da conjugação do verbo to be – talvez você se lembre. Além do mais, vamos ver aqui o famoso Present Continuous – uma ação que está ocorrendo agora.
Present Continuous – TO BE + ING
TO BE (AM, IS, ARE) + VERB (ING)
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I am working (I’m working)
I am not working (I’m not working)
Am I working?
You are working (You’re working)
You are not working (You aren’t working)
Are you working?
He is working (He’s working)
He is not working (He isn’t working)
Is he working?
She is working (She’s working)
She is not working (She isn’t working)
Is she working?
It is working (It’s working)
It is not working (It isn’t working)
Is it working?
We are working (We’re working)
We are not working (We aren’t working)
Are we working?
You are working (You’re working)
You are not working (You aren’t working)
Are you working?
They are working (They’re working)
They are not working (They aren’t working)
Are they working?
Examples:
Michael is working at this moment.
Peter isn’t studying now.
Is Susan sleeping now?
Podemos ver que usamos o Present Continuous quando a ação está ocorrendo no momento, agora.
Estudar gramática é importante sim, mas na minha opinião, o aprendizado deve ser de forma natural. Não se prenda a estudar todos os dias os auxiliares, verbos regulares e irregulares, etc. Leia textos, ouça músicas, assista filmes, e procure entender os tempos verbais de uma forma mais tranquila. Para se chegar a fluência, o ideal é fazer várias coisas ao mesmo tempo.
Organização é necessária. Separe alguns minutos do seu dia para trabalhar as quatro habilidades. Ler, escrever, falar e ouvir. Tempo e dedicação são essenciais em qualquer área de nossas vidas, portanto, sinta-se motivado sempre. Um bom professor poderá te dar muitas outras dicas.
Vamos ver agora como melhorar sua fala em inglês. Tudo é questão de prática. Da mesma forma que você aprender a andar de bicicleta, nadar, dirigir, o inglês segue o mesmo padrão. Você precisa falar o tempo todo, mesmo que cometa erros. Um bom professor vai corrigi-lo a fim de dar mais confiança a você. Não tenha medo de errar, de forma alguma. Pode falar errado, o importante é a comunicação feita, e claro que com o tempo, você reduzirá os erros.
Ninguém tem o inglês perfeito, e nós cometemos erros em português. Imagine um estrangeiro que está aprendendo português e comete um erro, você certamente entenderá a mensagem transmitida. Por exemplo, se um americano te falar “Nós foi”, você entenderá que ele quis dizer “nós fomos”, portanto, a comunicação existiu. Arrisque o tempo todo! Aos poucos você se sentirá mais confiante. Leia, ouça, escreva e fale – use as quatro habilidades da melhor forma possível.
Como melhorar sua leitura em inglês? Claro que você deve treinar todos os dias! Leia e-books, artigos de jornais e revistas, sites da internet, procure ler tudo que realmente te interessa. Quando você está vendo um filme, você treina o seu listening, o seu vocabulário, pois, estará aprendendo novas palavras, bem como a leitura, pois, estará lendo a legenda.
Tudo que você puder fazer para melhorar sua leitura faça. Anote todas as palavras novas que você encontrar, e crie suas próprias frases. Vou te dar um exemplo. Você leu a frase: It’s raining cats and dogs now. – Esta expressão significa que está caindo uma tempestade – em inglês o termos cats and dogs (gatos e cachorros) soa estranho em português, mas o importante é aprender a expressão sem se preocupar com a tradução literal da mesma. Sua frase pode ser. It’s raining cats and dogs in Miami. (Está caindo uma tempestade em Miami). Faça isso todos os dias e aprenderá a ler melhor.