Conditional – zero, primeiro, segundo e terceiro

1. Zero Conditional (Condicional Zero): O zero conditional é usado para expressar situações que são verdadeiras em geral, isto é, situações que ocorrem sempre que uma determinada condição é satisfeita. Ele é formado por duas partes: a “if-clause” (cláusula condicional) e a “main clause” (cláusula principal). Ambas as cláusulas são escritas no presente simples. Por exemplo:

• If it rains, the streets get wet. (Se chover, as ruas ficam molhadas.)

Nesse exemplo, a cláusula condicional “If it rains” expressa a condição, e a cláusula principal “the streets get wet” indica o resultado esperado quando a condição é satisfeita.

2. First Conditional (Primeiro Condicional): O primeiro condicional é usado para expressar situações possíveis ou prováveis no futuro. Ele também é composto por uma cláusula condicional e uma cláusula principal, mas a diferença é que a cláusula condicional é escrita no presente simples e a cláusula principal é escrita no futuro simples ou imperativo. Por exemplo:

• If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. (Se chover amanhã, eu vou ficar em casa.)

Nesse caso, a cláusula condicional “If it rains tomorrow” indica a condição, e a cláusula principal “I will stay at home” mostra a ação que ocorrerá caso a condição seja verdadeira.

3. Second Conditional (Segundo Condicional): O segundo condicional é usado para expressar situações hipotéticas ou improváveis no presente ou futuro. Ele também é composto por uma cláusula condicional e uma cláusula principal, mas a cláusula condicional é escrita no passado simples e a cláusula principal é escrita no condicional simples. Por exemplo:

• If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. (Se eu ganhasse na loteria, eu viajaria ao redor do mundo.)

4. Third Conditional (Terceiro condicional): O terceiro condicional é usado para expressar situações hipotéticas que ocorreram no passado e seus resultados imaginados, ou seja, situações irreais que já não podem ser alteradas. Ele também é composto por uma cláusula condicional e uma cláusula principal, mas a cláusula condicional é escrita no passado perfeito e a cláusula principal é escrita no condicional perfeito. Vejamos um exemplo:

• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. (Se eu tivesse estudado mais, eu teria passado na prova.)

If I went to London, I’d visit some museums.

Uso dos advérbios

Os advérbios em inglês são palavras que modificam verbos, adjetivos ou outros advérbios, fornecendo informações adicionais sobre a maneira, o lugar, o tempo, a frequência ou o grau em que uma ação ocorre. Eles desempenham um papel importante na expressão de detalhes em frases em inglês.

Aqui estão alguns tipos comuns de advérbios em inglês, juntamente com exemplos de uso:

1. Advérbios de maneira: Esses advérbios descrevem a maneira como uma ação é realizada. Exemplo: She sings beautifully. (Ela canta lindamente.)
2. Advérbios de lugar: Esses advérbios indicam onde uma ação ocorre. Exemplo: He lives nearby. (Ele mora nas proximidades.)
3. Advérbios de tempo: Esses advérbios indicam quando uma ação ocorre. Exemplo: They arrived early. (Eles chegaram cedo.)
4. Advérbios de frequência: Esses advérbios descrevem com que frequência uma ação ocorre. Exemplo: I rarely go to the gym. (Eu vou raramente à academia.)
5. Advérbios de grau: Esses advérbios indicam o grau ou a intensidade de uma ação. Exemplo: She runs very fast. (Ela corre muito rápido.)

20 advérbios para você

1. Quickly – He ran quickly to catch the bus. (Ele correu rapidamente para pegar o ônibus.)
2. Slowly – The turtle moved slowly across the road. (A tartaruga se movia lentamente pela estrada.)
3. Carefully – She drives carefully. (Ela dirige cuidadosamente.)
4. Loudly – The crowd cheered loudly at the concert. (A multidão aplaudiu alto no concerto.)
5. Quietly – Please speak quietly in the library. (Por favor, fale baixo na biblioteca.)
6. Happily – They danced happily at the wedding. (Eles dançaram felizes no casamento.)
7. Sadly – He spoke sadly about the loss of his pet. (Ele falou tristemente sobre a perda de seu animal de estimação.)
8. Suddenly – The car suddenly stopped in the middle of the road. (O carro parou subitamente no meio da estrada.)
9. Clearly – The teacher explained the lesson clearly. (O professor explicou a lição claramente.)
10. Honestly – She answered the question honestly. (Ela respondeu a pergunta honestamente.)
11. Beautifully – The flowers bloomed beautifully in the garden. (As flores floresceram lindamente no jardim.)
12. Cautiously – Peter walked cautiously along the narrow trail. (Peter andou cautelosamente pela trilha estreita.)
13. Frequently – They travel frequently for work. (Eles viajam frequentemente a trabalho.)
14. Rarely – She rarely eats fast food. (Ela raramente come fast food.)
15. Easily – The puzzle was easily solved. (O quebra-cabeça foi facilmente resolvido.)
16. Eventually – He eventually found the solution to the problem. (Eventualmente, ele encontrou a solução para o problema.)
17. Everywhere – He searched everywhere for his lost wallet but couldn’t find it. (Ele procurou em todos os lugares por sua carteira perdida, mas não conseguiu encontrá-la.)
18. Nowhere – I searched for my keys, but they were nowhere to be found. (Procurei minhas chaves, mas elas não estavam em lugar nenhum.)
19. Always – She always arrives on time for meetings. (Ela sempre chega pontualmente às reuniões.)
20. Hardly – He hardly studied for the exam and still got an A. (Ele mal estudou para a prova e mesmo assim tirou um A.)

She drives carefully

Como usar o would

Vamos ver agora como usar o would. É muito importante aprendê-lo devido a facilidade e o uso do mesmo. O auxiliar would que não tem qualquer tradução em português expressa um hábito no passado ou uma ação hipotética no futuro, bem como é usado para pedidos de uma forma bem educada. Podemos dizer que would + verbo forma o IA em português – IRIA, GOSTARIA, ESTUDARIA, etc.

1. Affirmative sentences:
   • “I would like to go to the movies tonight.”
   • “She would always help her friends in times of need.”
   • “We would often go for long walks in the park.”
   • “They would visit their grandparents every summer.”
2. Negative sentences
   • “I would not (wouldn’t) eat seafood even if you paid me.”
   • “He wouldn’t listen to any of my advice.”
   • “We wouldn’t miss the opportunity to travel the world.”
   • “They wouldn’t believe what happened next.”
3. Interrogative sentences
   • “Would you like some coffee?”
   • “Would he be interested in joining our club?”
   • “Would we be able to finish the project on time?”
   • “Would they like to come to the party with us?”

I would like to buy a new car.

Simple Future e Near Future

Vamos ver agora a diferença entre Simple Future e Near Future – leia com atenção e preste atenção nos exemplos. O ideal é que você crie também suas frases.

Simple Future

It is used when you decide something at the moment or you are planning to do something.

Auxiliary WILL – I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

When you decide something at the moment of speaking

I will pay for the tickets!

I will take it.

When you are planning to do something in the future

I will travel to Florida in the next two years.

Mike will buy a new car. He has a very old one.

Negative sentences:

Will not – won’t

I won’t have time! Sorry!

I won’t buy a new car now. I don’t have money.

Interrogative:

Will you go to the movies on Saturday?

Will she travel to England next year?

I’ll have a pizza

Near Future

Near Future – to be + going to

It is used when something will happen within a short time. It is a certain action.

I am going to take an umbrella because it is raining.

She is going to buy a new house because she has $500,000 in her bank account.

They are going to move to Miami. They have already bought the tickets.

Negative sentences

I am not going to buy a new car. I don’t have money at this moment.

She is not going to swim today. It is raining cats and dogs.

Karen is not going to visit her relatives because they are traveling.

Paul and Mike are not going to travel to Europe this year.

Remember that you can use: I’m not going to, you aren’t going to, he isn’t going to, etc

Interrogative sentences

Are you going to visit your father next weekend?

What are you going to buy in the supermarket?

Is she going to play volleyball on Sunday?

Are your parents going to work tonight?

I’m going to work now.

Pronomes interrogativos

Você conhece todos os pronomes interrogativos? Pronomes são aquelas palavras tais como onde, qual, quando, etc. Eis uma lista completa para você criar suas frases e aumentar ainda mais o seu vocabulário e criar suas perguntas quando desejar.

1. Who – Quem – Example: Who is the new employee in the office?
2. Whom – A quem- Example: Whom did you invite to the party?
3. What – O que/Qual – Example: What is your favorite color?
4. Which – Qual – Example: Which book do you recommend?
5. Whose – De quem – Example: Whose car is parked outside?
6. Whichever – Qualquer que – Example: You can choose whichever movie you want to watch.
7. Whatever – Qualquer coisa – Example: Whatever you decide, I will support you.
8. Where – Onde – Example: Where are you going for vacation?
9. When – Quando – Example: When is your birthday?
10. Why – Por que – Example: Why did you choose that restaurant?
11. How – Como – Example: How did you learn to play the guitar?
12. How much – Quanto (para quantidades incontáveis) – Example: How much water do you drink every day?
13. How many – Quantos/as (para quantidades contáveis) – Example: How many brothers do you have?
14. How often – Com que frequência – Example: How often do you go to the gym?
15. How long – Quanto tempo – Example: How long have you lived in this city?
16. How far – Quão longe – Example: How far is the nearest grocery store?
17. How old – Quantos anos – Example: How old is your sister?
18. How tall – Quão alto/a – Example: How tall is the Eiffel Tower?
19. How fast – Quão rápido – Example: How fast can you drive?
20. How big – Quão grande – Example: How big is your house?
21. How small – Quão pequeno/a – Example: How small is the smallest country in the world?
22. How heavy – Quão pesado/a – Example: How heavy is that suitcase?

Where do you live?

I live in a small town in England.

Present Perfect

Present Perfect – auxiliary HAVE or HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (3^rd column)

Regular verbs: arrive – arrived – arrived

Irregular verbs: go – went – gone

HAVE – I, you, we, they

HAS – he, she, it

Negative: haven’t or have not

Hasn’t or has not

Interrogative – Has he? – Have you?

It is used where there is a connection between past with the present. An action that hasn’t finished yet.

Explicando melhor: quando uma ação estabelece uma conexão entre o passado e o presente, algo que ainda não terminou.

I have been married for two years.

She has lived in South Korea since 2020.

Mary has studied Portuguese for four years.

They have worked in Miami since August.

Indefinite past – an action that finished in the past but in an indefinite date.

Neste caso, o Present Perfect é usado para expressar um passado indefinido, ou seja, uma ação que já ocorreu no passado, mas não é importante mencionar quando.

We have visited Italy.

They have gone to Germany.

Mike has worked in Brazil.

Karen has moved to a new house.

Negative sentences:

Pete hasn’t lived in New York.

He hasn’t worked in his company for a long time.

They haven’t visited Europe yet.

I haven’t traveled to Spain before.

Interrogative sentences:

Have you lived in Canada?

Has your brother bought a new car?

Have Karen and Paul gone to England?

Has Stephanie swum in that club?

She has visited Italy.

Exercises:

1 – Anne has visited Portugal.

Neg:

Int:

2 – They haven’t been married since 2016.

Aff:

Int:

3 – Have you gone to Africa?

Aff:

Neg:

4 – Karen has written two books.

Neg:

Int:

Remember: have or has + past participle

Answer:

1 – How long have you lived in your house?

2 –How many states have you visited in Brazil?

3 – Have you traveled to Europe before?

4 – Has your brother / sister gone to the USA?

5 – Has your father / mother bought a car?

6 – Has your uncle / aunt traveled abroad?

Put these sentences into a correct order:

1 – has – she – forgotten – name – my

2 – hasn’t – Mike – to – Italy – traveled

3 – Pete – drunk – whisky – has – ?

4 – have – eaten – Indian food – they – ?

5 – hasn’t – gone – he – Africa – to

6 – Pete and Paul – swum – haven’t – in – club – the

Remember – you never change the main verb – affirmative, negative or interrogative – past participle – regular or irregular verbs

Example:

arrive – arrived – arrived – regular verb

bring – brought – brought – irregular verb

Simple Past

Aprenda agora todos os segredos do Simple Past. No final desta postagem você encontrará duas listas de verbos – uma de regulares e outra de irregulares. Não se assuste com o tamanho delas – te aconselho a ler, escrever suas frases, e claro, aprender de uma forma bem natural. Qualquer dúvida estou a sua disposição.

Simple Past – auxiliary DID

It is used to describe an action that finished in the past.

DID – I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

Os verbos regulares terminam com ED

Regular verbs – finished by ED – work – worked / play – played

Irregular verbs – have a different form – speak – spoke / begin – began

We use the main verb in the past only in affirmative and long sentences!

REGULAR VERBS – remember (ED)

Take a look at these affirmative sentences:

Pete worked last Friday.

Sharon traveled to Italy in March.

Karen accepted a new job opportunity.

Take a look at these negative sentences:

Peter didn’t study today.

Karen didn’t watch TV last night.

James didn’t play soccer today.

Take a look at these interrogative sentences:

Did you clean your house today?

Did your sister like your new house?

Did you finish your homework?

IRREGULAR VERBS

Os verbos irregulares possuem formas bem diferentes, portanto, preste atenção na conjugação dos mesmos. O importante é ler, entender e usar o tempo todo os verbos tanto regulares quanto irregulares.

Take a look at these affirmative sentences:

I drove to New York last Saturday.

Sorry, I forgot your name.

I sent an email in the morning to my boss.

drive – past (drove) – forget – past (forgot) – send – past (sent)

Take a look at these negative sentences:

Mary didn’t drink orange juice today.

Peter didn’t spend his vacation in Brazil.

I didn’t understand that exercise.

Take a look at these interrogative sentences:

Did you wear your uniform today?

Did you eat Italian food today?

Did your brother swim last weekend?

Exercises:

1 – Did your brother arrive at home?

Aff: He arrived at home.

Neg: He didn’t arrive at home.

2 – Did you buy a new car last year?

Aff: I bought a new car.

Neg:I didn’t buy a new car last year.

3 – Did you drink juice today?

Aff: I drank juice today.

Neg: I didn’t drink juice today.

4 – He traveled to Canada last year.

Neg: He didn’t travel to Canada last year.

Int: Did he travel to Canada last year?

5 – She went to Portugal today.

Neg: She didn’t go to Portugal today.

Int: Did she go to Portugal today?

É importante lembrar que cada tempo verbal tem o seu verbo auxiliar correspondente. O Simple Present usa-se DO ou DOES. Eles mandam o verbo para o presente. Como vimos agora, o DID manda o verbo para o passado.

Uma pequena lista de verbos regulares para você

1. Accept – Accepted – Aceitar
2. Achieve – Achieved – Alcançar
3. Ask – Asked – Perguntar
4. Believe – Believed – Acreditar
5. Call – Called – Chamar
6. Clean – Cleaned – Limpar
7. Cook – Cooked – Cozinhar
8. Dance – Danced – Dançar
9. Discuss – Discussed – Discutir
10. Enjoy – Enjoyed – Curtir
11. Explain – Explained – Explicar
12. Finish – Finished – Terminar
13. Follow – Followed – Seguir
14. Help – Helped – Ajudar
15. Imagine – Imagined – Imaginar
16. Invite – Invited – Convidar
17. Jump – Jumped – Pular
18. Learn – Learned – Aprender
19. Like – Liked – Gostar
20. Listen – Listened – Ouvir
21. Look – Looked – Olhar
22. Love – Loved – Amar
23. Move – Moved – Mover
24. Open – Opened – Abrir
25. Paint – Painted – Pintar
26. Play – Played – Jogar
27. Read – Read – Ler
28. Remember – Remembered – Lembrar
29. Return – Returned – Retornar
30. Smile – Smiled – Sorrir
31. Study – Studied – Estudar
32. Talk – Talked – Conversar
33. Travel – Traveled – Viajar
34. Try – Tried – Tentar
35. Understand – Understood – Entender
36. Visit – Visited – Visitar
37. Wait – Waited – Esperar
38. Walk – Walked – Caminhar
39. Watch – Watched – Assistir
40. Work – Worked – Trabalhar
41. Write – Wrote – Escrever
42. Arrive – Arrived – Chegar
43. Breathe – Breathed – Respirar
44. Change – Changed – Mudar
45. Count – Counted – Contar
46. Dream – Dreamed – Sonhar
47. Enjoy – Enjoyed – Desfrutar
48. Fix – Fixed – Consertar
49. Grow – Grew – Crescer
50. Hope – Hoped – Esperar

Agora uma lista de verbos irregulares

1. Be – Was/Were – Ser/estar
2. Become – Became – Tornar-se
3. Begin – Began – Começar
4. Break – Broke – Quebrar
5. Bring – Brought – Trazer
6. Build – Built – Construir
7. Buy – Bought – Comprar
8. Choose – Chose – Escolher
9. Come – Came – Vir
10. Do – Did – Fazer
11. Drink – Drank – Beber
12. Drive – Drove – Dirigir
13. Eat – Ate – Comer
14. Fall – Fell – Cair
15. Feel – Felt – Sentir
16. Find – Found – Encontrar
17. Fly – Flew – Voar
18. Forget – Forgot – Esquecer
19. Get – Got – Obter
20. Give – Gave – Dar
21. Go – Went – Ir
22. Have – Had – Ter
23. Hear – Heard – Ouvir
24. Keep – Kept – Manter
25. Know – Knew – Saber/conhecer
26. Leave – Left – Deixar/sair
27. Lose – Lost – Perder
28. Make – Made – Fazer
29. Meet – Met – Encontrar/conhecer
30. Pay – Paid – Pagar
31. Put – Put – Colocar
32. Read – Read – Ler
33. Run – Ran – Correr
34. Say – Said – Dizer
35. See – Saw – Ver
36. Sell – Sold – Vender
37. Send – Sent – Enviar
38. Sing – Sang – Cantar
39. Sleep – Slept – Dormir
40. Speak – Spoke – Falar
41. Stand – Stood – Ficar/em pé
42. Swim – Swam – Nadar
43. Take – Took – Pegar/tomar
44. Think – Thought – Pensar
45. Throw – Threw – Jogar/lançar
46. Understand – Understood – Entender
47. Wake – Woke – Acordar
48. Wear – Wore – Vestir
49. Win – Won – Ganhar
50. Write – Wrote – Escrever

He bought a new tie

Simple Present – do e does

Simple Present – (do or does)

It is used to express a routine, an event or actions.

Auxiliary verbs: do or does

Do – I, you, we, they

Does – he, she, it

Examples: – DO

Do you live in Brazil?

Yes, I do

No, I don’t

Yes, I live in Brazil.

No, I don’t live in Brazil.

Do your parents work on the weekends?

Yes, they do.

No, they don’t

Yes, they work on the weekends.

No, they don’t work on the weekends.

Do your brothers live in Spain?

Yes, they do.

No, they don’t.

Yes, they live in Spain.

No, they don’t live in Spain.

Examples: – DOES

Does your sister / brother work in Europe?

Yes, she / he does.

No, she / he doesn’t.

Yes, she works in Europe / yes, he works in Europe.

No, she doesn’t work in Europe or no, he doesn’t work in Europe.

Does Michael work in the morning?

Yes, he does.

No, he doesn’t.

Yes, he works in the morning.

No, he doesn’t work in the morning.

Does Susan drive?

Yes, she does.

No, she doesn’t.

Yes, she drives.

No, she doesn’t drive.

I live – you live – he lives – she lives – it lives – we live – you live – they live

More examples:

Affirmative

Mary works in South Africa.

Peter studies Italian on Monday and Wednesday.

My boss lives in New Jersey.

Pete goes to the gym every morning.

Negative

Mary doesn’t work in South Africa.

Peter doesn’t study Italian on Monday and Wednesday.

My boss doesn’t live in New Jersey.

Pete doesn’t go to the gym every morning.

Interrogative

Does Mary work in South Africa?

Does Peter study Italian on Monday and Wednesday?

Does your boss live in New Jersey?

Does Peter go to the gym every morning?

Exercises:

1 – Richard reads two books a month.

Neg:

Int:

2 – John doesn’t play soccer.

Aff:

Int:

3 – Do they live in Brazil?

Aff:

Neg:

4 – Does Anne work?

Aff:

Neg:

Answer:

1 – Do you travel every year?

2 – Does your sister / brother live in the USA?

3 – Does your father / mother work?

4 – Do you cook on Sunday?

5 – Do you play volleyball?

6 – Does your father / mother swim?

7 – Where do you go on the weekends?

8 – Where does your sister / brother live?

Put these sentences into a correct order:

1 – works – she – on – weekends – the

2 – don’t – live – I – Brazil – in

3 – Mike – in – London – doesn’t – work

4 – play – they – soccer – Sunday – on

5 – she – Does – ? – have – car – a

6 – they – write – books – Do – ?

7 – have – two – I – cats

He drives every morning.

Her baby cries a lot.

They study in Miami.

Past to be – was – were

Past – to be – was and were – ser e estar no passado

It is used to express an action in the past using TO BE.

Was – I, he, she, it

Were – you, we, they

Negative – wasn’t (was not) and weren’t (were not)

Interrogative: Was he … ? Were they …?

Affirmative:

My brother was at home last weekend.

My parents were traveling last Friday.

Negative:

George was not (wasn’t) working last weekend.

They were not (weren’t) at home in the morning.

Interrogative:

Was Karen traveling last Christmas?

Were your brothers in your parents’ house?

She was working last Saturday.

They were studying last Monday.

He was swimming in the morning.

To be – Present Continuous

A seção gramática terá com primeira aula o famoso verbo to be (ser, estar). Vamos lembrar da conjugação do verbo to be – talvez você se lembre. Além do mais, vamos ver aqui o famoso Present Continuous – uma ação que está ocorrendo agora.

Present Continuous – TO BE + ING

TO BE (AM, IS, ARE) + VERB (ING)

AFFIRMATIVE                                                 NEGATIVE                                  INTERROGATIVE

Examples:

Michael is working at this moment.

Peter isn’t studying now.

Is Susan sleeping now?

Podemos ver que usamos o Present Continuous quando a ação está ocorrendo no momento, agora.

What are you doing now?

I’m studying English.

What is she doing?

She is washing her car.

Mais exemplos:

Aff: My brother is living in Canada.

Neg: My brother isn’t living in Canada.

Int: Is he living in Canada?

They are playing soccer now.

They aren’t playing soccer now.

Are they playing soccer now?

She is driving her car.

They are studying now.

They are cooking.