Grammar review

Grammar review

Segue agora para você uma revisão gramatical com os tempos verbais mais importantes do inglês.

Present continuous

It is used for actions that are happening now.

TO BE + VERB ING

TO BE (AM, IS, ARE) + VERB (ING)

Affirmative:

My boss is traveling at this moment.

They are playing volleyball.

You are studying English.

Negative:

He is not (isn’t) traveling now.

They are not (aren’t) playing soccer.

You are not (aren’t) studying English.

Interrogative:

Is he traveling now?

Are they playing now?

Are you studying English?

More examples:

Richard is talking on the phone.

Susan and Mike are traveling now.

George is not (isn’t) working now.

I am not (I’m not) watching TV

Are you working now?

Is she visiting her mother?

Exercises:

1 – Susan is watching TV now.

Neg:

Int:

2 – He is driving his car now.

Neg:

Int:

3 – They are not drinking orange juice.

Aff:

Int:

4 – She is not working on Saturdays.

Aff:

Int:

5 – Are they eating Japanese food now?

Aff:

Neg:

6 – Is she riding her bike?

Aff:

Neg:

Answer:

1 – What is your sister / brother doing now?

2 – Are you reading any book at this moment?

Past – to be – was and were

It is used to express an action in the past using TO BE.

Was – I, he, she, it

Were – you, we, they

Negative – wasn’t (was not) and weren’t (were not)

Interrogative: Was he … ? Were they …?

Affirmative:

My brother was at home last weekend.

My parents were traveling last Friday.

Negative:

George was not (wasn’t) working last weekend.

They were not (weren’t) at home in the morning.

Interrogative:

Was Karen traveling last Christmas?

Were your brothers in your parents’ house?

Exercises:

1 – Pete was working last Saturday.

Neg:

Int:

2 – They were playing soccer last weekend.

Neg:

Int:

3 – They were not (weren’t) studying last Friday.

Aff:

Int:

4 – She was not (wasn’t) in her boyfriend’s house today.

Aff:

Int:

5 – Were you cleaning your house today?

Aff:

Neg:

6 – Was he at home last Monday?

Aff:

Neg:

Answer:

1 – What were you doing last Saturday?

2 – Where was your father / mother last Sunday?

Simple Present – (do or does)

It is used to express a routine, an event or actions.

Auxiliary verbs: do or does

Do – I, you, we, they

Does – he, she, it

Examples: – DO

Do you live in Brazil?

Yes, I do

No, I don’t

Yes, I live in Brazil.

No, I don’t live in Brazil.

Do your parents work on the weekends?

Yes, they do.

No, they don’t

Yes, they work on the weekends.

No, they don’t work on the weekends.

Do your brothers live in Spain?

Yes, they do.

No, they don’t.

Yes, they live in Spain.

No, they don’t live in Spain.

Examples: – DOES

Does your sister / brother work in Europe?

Yes, she / he does.

No, she / he doesn’t.

Yes, she works in Europe / yes, he works in Europe.

No, she doesn’t work in Europe or no, he doesn’t work in Europe.

Does Michael work in the morning?

Yes, he does.

No, he doesn’t.

Yes, he works in the morning.

No, he doesn’t work in the morning.

Does Susan drive?

Yes, she does.

No, she doesn’t.

Yes, she drives.

No, she doesn’t drive.

I live – you live – he lives – she lives – it lives – we live – you live – they live

More examples:

Affirmative

Mary works in South Africa.

Peter studies Italian on Monday and Wednesday.

My boss lives in New Jersey.

Pete goes to the gym every morning.

Negative

Mary doesn’t work in South Africa.

Peter doesn’t study Italian on Monday and Wednesday.

My boss doesn’t live in New Jersey.

Pete doesn’t go to the gym every morning.

Interrogative

Does Mary work in South Africa?

Does Peter study Italian on Monday and Wednesday?

Does your boss live in New Jersey?

Does Peter go to the gym every morning?

Exercises:

1 – Richard reads two books a month.

Neg:

Int:

2 – John doesn’t play soccer.

Aff:

Int:

3 – Do they live in Brazil?

Aff:

Neg:

4 – Does Anne work?

Aff:

Neg:

Answer:

1 – Do you travel every year?

2 – Does your sister / brother live in the USA?

3 – Does your father / mother work?

4 – Do you cook on Sunday?

5 – Do you play volleyball?

6 – Does your father / mother swim?

7 – Where do you go on the weekends?

8 – Where does your sister / brother live?

Put these sentences in a correct order:

1 – works – she – on – weekends – the

2 – don’t – live – I – Brazil – in

3 – Mike – in – London – doesn’t – work

4 – play – they – soccer – Sunday – on

5 – she – Does – have – car – a?

6 – they – write – books – Do – ?

7 – have – two – I – cats

Simple Past – auxiliary DID

It is used to describe an action that finished in the past.

DID – I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

Regular verbs – finished by ED – work – worked / play – played

Irregular verbs – have different forms – speak – spoke / begin – began

We use the main verb in the past only in affirmative and long sentences!

REGULAR VERBS – remember (ED)

Take a look at these affirmative sentences:

Pete worked last Friday.

Sharon traveled to Italy in March.

Karen accepted a new job opportunity.

Take a look at these negative sentences:

Peter didn’t study today.

Karen didn’t watch TV last night.

James didn’t play soccer today.

Take a look at these interrogative sentences:

Did you clean your house today?

Did your sister like your new house?

Did you finish your homework?

IRREGULAR VERBS

Take a look at these affirmative sentences:

I drove to Miami last Saturday.

Sorry, I forgot your name.

I sent an email in the morning to my boss.

drive – past (drove) – forget – past (forgot) – send – past (sent)

Take a look at these negative sentences:

Mary didn’t drink orange juice today.

Peter didn’t spend his vacation in Brazil.

I didn’t understand that exercise.

Take a look at these interrogative sentences:

Did you wear your uniform today?

Did you eat Italian food today?

Did your brother swim last weekend?

Exercises:

1 – Did your brother arrive at home?

Aff:

Neg:

2 – Did you buy a new car last year?

Aff:

Neg:

3 – Did you drink juice today?

Aff:

Neg:

4 – He traveled to Canada last year.

Neg:

Int:

5 – She went to Portugal today.

Neg:

Int:

6 – They slept at ten o’clock.

Neg:

Int:

7 – Mary didn’t study math today.

Aff:

Int:

8 – Pete didn’t eat pizza last night.

Aff:

Int:

9 – Michael didn’t go to Brazil last year.

Aff:

Int:

Answer:

1 – What did you eat today for breakfast?

2 – Where did you go last Christmas?

3 – Did you study English last weekend?

4 – Did you travel to the beach last year?

Put these sentences into a correct order:

1 – painted – my – I – last – Friday – house

2 – she – Did – drink – today – water – ?

3 – they – go – London – didn’t – yesterday – to.

4 – he – eat – didn’t – Japanese food – yesterday.

5 – Did – he – last weekend – visit – his parents – ?

6 – arrived – Mike – in – last – weekend – Italy

Present Perfect – auxiliary HAVE or HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (3^rd column)

Regular verbs: arrive – arrived – arrived

Irregular verbs: go – went – gone

HAVE – I, you, we, they

HAS – he, she, it

Negative: haven’t or have not

Hasn’t or has not

Interrogative – Has he? – Have you?

It is used when there is a connection between past with the present. An action that hasn’t finished yet.

I have been married for two years.

She has lived in South Korea since 2020.

Mary has studied Portuguese for four years.

They have worked in Miami since August.

Indefinite past – an action that finished in the past but in an indefinite date.

We have visited Italy.

They have gone to Germany.

Mike has worked in Brazil.

Karen has moved to a new house.

Negative sentences:

Pete hasn’t lived in New York.

He hasn’t worked in his company for a long time.

They haven’t visited Europe yet.

I haven’t traveled to Spain before.

Interrogative sentences:

Have you lived in Canada?

Has your brother bought a new car?

Have Karen and Paul gone to England?

Has Stephanie swum in that club?

Exercises:

1 – Anne has visited Portugal.

Neg:

Int:

2 – They haven’t been married since 2016.

Aff:

Int:

3 – Have you gone to Africa?

Aff:

Neg:

4 – Karen has written two books.

Neg:

Int:

Remember: have or has + past participle

Answer:

1 – How long have you lived in your house?

2 –How many states have you visited in Brazil?

3 – Have you traveled to Europe before?

4 – Has your brother / sister gone to the USA?

5 – Has your father / mother bought a car?

6 – Has your uncle / aunt traveled abroad?

Put these sentences into a correct order:

1 – has – she – forgotten – name – my

2 – hasn’t – Mike – to – Italy – traveled

3 – Pete – drunk – soda – has – ?

4 – have – eaten –Brazilian – food – they – ?

5 – hasn’t – gone – he – Africa – to

6 – Pete and Paul – swum – haven’t – in – club – the

Remember – you never change the main verb – affirmative, negative or interrogative – past participle – regular or irregular verbs

Example:

arrive – arrived – arrived – regular verb

bring – brought – brought – irregular verb

Simple Future – will

It is used when you decide something at the moment or you are planning to do something.

Auxiliary WILL – I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

When you decide something at the moment of speaking

I will pay for the tickets!

I will take it.

When you are planning to do something in the future

I will travel to Florida in the next two years.

Mike will buy a new car. He has a very old one.

Negative sentences:

Will not – won’t

I won’t have time! Sorry!

I won’t buy a new car now. I don’t have money.

Interrogative:

Will you go to the movies on Saturday?

Will she travel to England next year?

Exercises:

1 – Joe will go to the mall.

Neg:

Int:

2 – Elton won’t buy a new house.

Aff:

Int:

3 – Will you swim next weekend?

Aff:

Neg:

Answer:

1 – Where will you go on Friday?

2 – What will your parents do next weekend?

3 – What will you buy tomorrow?

Put these sentences in a correct order:

1 – will not – Paul – travel – Japan – to

2 – write – book – Paul – a – will

3 – visit – her – she – will – cousin -?

4 – they – to – Europe – fly – will – year – next

Near Future – to be + going to

It is used when something will happen within a short time. It is a certain action.

I am going to take an umbrella because it is raining.

She is going to buy a new house because she has $500,000 in her bank account.

They are going to move to Miami. They have already bought the tickets.

Negative sentences

I am not going to buy a new car. I don’t have money at this moment.

She is not going to swim today. It is raining cats and dogs.

Karen is not going to visit her relatives because they are traveling.

Paul and Mike are not going to travel to Europe this year.

Remember that you can use: I’m not going to, you aren’t going to, he isn’t going to, etc

Interrogative sentences

Are you going to visit your father next weekend?

What are you going to buy in the supermarket?

Is she going to play volleyball on Sunday?

Are your parents going to work tonight?

Answer:

1 – What are you going to buy next Sunday?

2 – Are you going to visit some friends on the weekend?

3 – What are you going to do on Sunday morning?

Put these sentences into a correct order:

1 – I – going to – visit – not – am – father – my

2 – They – going to – are – July – travel – England – to – in

3 – Mike – is – buy – going to – car – new – a – weekend – next – ?

Exercises:

1 – Paul is going to visit his mother tomorrow.

Neg:

Int:

2 – Pete is not going to drink juice now.

Aff:

Int:

3 – Are they going to write a new book?

Aff:

Neg:

Conditional – WOULD

It is used to express a possibility

Would is used before all pronouns – I, you, he, she, it, we, you or they

What would you like to do tomorrow morning?

I would like to visit my parents.

CONTRACTED FORM: I’D, YOU’D, HE’D, SHE’D … etc

I’d like to buy a new pair of shoes.

They’d go to Europe if they had money.

She’d visit her cousin in the USA if she had a chance.

Negative sentences – wouldn’t or would not

I wouldn’t like to visit New York.

She wouldn’t go to the USA because she prefers going to Europe.

Mike wouldn’t like to drink beer. He doesn’t like it.

Interrogative sentences

Would you like to live in Canada?

Would she go to Portugal?

Would he work with my father?

Exercises:

1 – He would drive a bus.

Neg:

Int:

2 – She wouldn’t buy a new house.

Aff:

Int:

3 – Would Mike go to Spain?

Aff:

Neg:

Answer:

1 – Would you live abroad?

2 – What would you do if you had US$ 1 million?

3 – Where would you like to go in your next vacation?

Put these sentences into a correct order:

1 – would not – she – sell – house – her

2 – you – would – to – like – work – company – in – our- ?

3 – would – I – coffee – cup – like – a – of